Membership
Serbia's 2022 implementation
performance and key energy
sector benchmark data
performance and key energy
sector benchmark data
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Overall implementation performance
Overall implementation performance 2022 - 2020
State of Energy Sector Reforms Serbia’s otherwise good track record when it comes to acquis implementation was once again overshadowed by lack of progress on several crucial issues such as the lack of unbundling of the gas transmission system operator and refusal to grant third party access to the Horgos gas interconnection pipeline. Serbia implemented the REMIT Regulation and transposed electricity Connection Codes. The country is the best performer when it comes to the implementation of the oil stocks acquis. Serbia made progress in most areas of the energy efficiency acquis. Minor progress was achieved in completing the regulatory and legal framework for renewables and the country is yet to tap into its renewables potential.
With respect to the transposition of the 2021 Clean Energy Package, Serbia is by far the most advanced of all Contracting Parties with many elements of the Governance Regulation, Renewables Directive and Energy Efficiency already transposed. The only exception is electricity where work is yet to begin.
status: 1 November 2022
source: calculated and compiled by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Primary fuel mix
Primary fuel mix of Serbia in 2020 (in ktoe)
status: November 2022
source: EUROSTAT
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Gross inland consumption
Gross inland consumption of Serbia in 2020 (in ktoe)
status: 1 November 2022
source: EUROSTAT -
Decarbonisation readiness
Decarbonisation readiness - 2021 Clean Energy Package transposition
status: 1 November 2022
source: calculated and compiled by the Energy Community Secretariat -
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Implementation by electricity indicators
Implementation by electricity indicators
RECOMMENDATIONS / PRIORITIES Serbia should invest all efforts in intraday market opening and resolving the remaining issues of non-compliance with the Treaty, including full unbundling of the transmission system operator and allocation of interconnection capacities with the transmission system operator of Kosovo*. status: 1 November 2022
source: calculated and compiled by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Facts and figures
Serbia: facts and figures in electricity
Description of data [unit] 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Electricity production [GWh] 33.582 34.950 35.066 35.626 35.804 Net imports [GWh] 6.549 4.582 5.417 5.070 6.984 Net exports [GWh] 5.724 4.250 5.341 5.675 6.333 Gross electricity consumption [GWh] 35.592 35.261 35.142 32.318 36.430
Losses in transmission [%] 2,31% 2,14% 2,48% 2,47% 2.54% Losses in distribution [%] 12,93% 12,16% 11,22% 11,10% 10% Consumption of energy sector [GWh] 1.380 1.496 1.616 1.559 1.491 Consumption structure [GWh] / industrial, transport, services and other 15.229 15.818 15.667 15.321 16.581 Consumption structure [GWh] / households (residential customers) 14.177 13.415 13.340 13.718 13.877 Net maximum electrical capacity of power plants [MW] 7.479 8.089 7.898 7.927 8.115 Net maximum electrical capacity of power plants [MW] / coal-fired 4.054 4.386 4.079 4.079 4.079 Net maximum electrical capacity of power plants [MW] / gas-fired 356,5 347 329 333 512 Net maximum electrical capacity of power plants [MW] / hydro, total 3.029 3.033 3.060 3.076 3.078 Net maximum electrical capacity of power plants [MW] / other renewables 39,8 290,9 430,5 438,6 446 Horizontal transmission network [km] 9.675,9 9.811 9.822 9861,8 9.622 Horizontal transmission network [km] / substation capacity [MVA] 31.066 29.752 30.799 31.958 30.846 Electricity customers / total 3.639.585 3.651.169 3.663.689 3.690.708 3.725.580 Electricity customers / non-households 397.648 400.701 402.058 409.183 419.407 Electricity customers / eligible customers under national legislation 3.639.585 3.651.169 3.663.689 3.690.708 3.725.580 Internal market / electricity supplied to active eligible customers [MWh] 12.851.368 14.212.254 14.557.201 14.267.000 15,231,000 Internal market / share of final consumption [%] 44% 49% 50% 49% 50%
source: Ministry of Mining and Energy
status: November 2022 -
Retail market opening
Retail Market Opening
Source: Ministry of Mining and Energy, compiled by the Energy Community Secretariat
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Implementation by gas indicators
Implementation by gas indicators
RECOMMENDATIONS / PRIORITIES Serbia needs to address the long-standing breaches of the gas acquis related to the lack of proper unbundling and certification of its gas transmission operators. It must operationalise the recently transposed Network Codes and grant third party access at the Horgos interconnection point without delay, and remove any other obstacles to new market entrants. To boost regional gas market integration, it is of essence to commission timely the interconnector Bulgaria - Serbia. Serbia’s underground storage operator will have to undergo the certification procedure in line with Storage Regulation (EU) 2022/1032. status: 1 November 2022
source: calculated and compiled by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Retail market opening
Retail Market Opening
Note: The weighted average level of market opening in the Energy Community was calculated assuming the full opening of gas retail market in Ukraine for the whole 2021. However the full retail market opening took place on 1st May 2021.
Source: Energy Agency of the Republic of Serbia (AERS), compiled by the Energy Community Secretariat -
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Facts and figures
Serbia: facts and figures in gas
Description of data [unit] 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Natural gas production [Bcm] 0,572 0,523 0,485 0,335 0,438 Import [Bcm] 1,740 1,795 2,183 2,204 2,257 Stock changes [Bcm] -0,1150 0,0568 0,086 0,029 -0,198 Total supply [Bcm] 2,0570 2,3748 2,7540 2,5680 2,497 Consumption of the energy sector calculated (heat and power plants, TSO' own consumption, losses and linepack change) [Bcm] 1,1050 1,0908 1,1240 0,9130 1,234 Interconnectors’ capacity [Bcm] / total 5,2378 5,2378 5,2378 5,2378 5,2378 Interconnectors’ capacity [Bcm] / out of which bidirectional 0 0 0 0 0 Storage working capacity [Bcm] 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,45 Length of transmission network [km] 2.423 2.423 2.459 2.464 2.464 Length of distribution network [km] 16.532 16.653 16.961 18.422 19.286 Natural gas customers / total 262.567 267.158 270.689 276.581 283.060 Natural gas customers / out of which: non-households 12.764 13.079 13.082 13.767 14.149 Natural gas customers / eligible customers under national legislation 262.567 267.158 270.689 276.581 283.060 Natural gas customers / customers supplied at market prices 802 923 961 1.515 1132 Natural gas customers / households 249.803 254.222 257.476 262.814 268.911 Internal market / gas supplied at market prices [Bcm] 1,7800 1,9900 2,006 1,881 1,751 Internal market / share of total consumption [%] 87% 87% 73% 85% 84% Final consumption of natural gas per sector [Bcm] 1,444 1,675 1,630 1,655 1,263 Consumption structure [Bcm] / industry and commercial customers 0,9013 1,074 1,363 1,412 1,008 Consumption structure [Bcm] / households 0,1907 0,2100 0,2670 0,243 0,255
source: Ministry of mining and energy, compiled by the Energy Community Secretariat
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Implementation by renewable energy indicators
Implementation by renewable energy indicators
RECOMMENDATIONS / PRIORITIES Serbia should adopt the missing by-laws, in particular the one on balancing responsibility, as soon as possible and proceed with implementation of renewables auctions. status: 1 November 2022
source: calculated and compiled by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Total renewable energy capacities
Total capacities of renewable energy 2021 - 2017 (MW)
status: 1 November 2022
source: Ministry of Mining and Energy -
Shares of energy from renewable sources
Shares of Energy from Renewable Sources
Source: EUROSTAT
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Energy Efficiency
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Implementation by energy efficiency indicators
Implementation by energy efficiency indicators
RECOMMENDATIONS / PRIORITIES In the forthcoming period, Serbia should adopt the remaining by-laws to implement the Law on Energy Efficiency and Rational Use of Energy, including the remaining delegated regulations for energy labelling and application of consumption-based metering and billing. The adoption of the updated regulation for full alignment with the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive remains a key priority. The Directorate for Financing and Promotion of Energy Efficiency should be further strengthened in order to be better equipped with policy and financial support for energy efficiency. status: 1 November 2022
source: calculated and compiled by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Energy efficiency indicators
2020 Energy Efficiency Indicators and Trends
Source: EUROSTAT 2022 data and Contracting Party's Annual Reports under Directive 2012/27/EU
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Implementation of labelling Directive
Implementation of Energy Efficiency Product Regulation Overview
New labelling package adopted by the Ministerial Council in November 2018 was not assessed, as the transposition deadline expires in January 2020
Source: multiple sources of data (EECG reports, NEEAPs etc.), compiled by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Environment
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Implementation by environment indicators
Implementation by environment indicators
RECOMMENDATIONS / PRIORITIES Serbia should transpose Directive 2014/52/EU and update the relevant secondary legislation in order to align it with the EIA Directive. New legislative amendments should be supplemented with a capacity building training programme. Until the legal gaps are addressed, the competent authorities should take into account the Secretariat’s Policy Guidelines on the development of small hydropower projects. The amendment of the SEA Law should be finalized. The SEA for the NECP should be reinitiated and accompanied by a detailed scoping report.
Serbia should intensify its efforts to continue the trend of emission reductions from large combustion plants and ensure compliance with the ceiling for sulphur dioxide.
The protection procedure for the identified sites based on Law on Nature Protection should be finalized and a national action plan on the prevention of illegal killing of birds developed. The future protection and management plan for “Stara Planina” should assess the challenges with hydropower development in detail and provide clear rules and conditions for project development.
The draft Law on Liability for Environmental Damage should be finalized and adopted.
status: 1 November 2022
source: calculated and compiled by the Energy Community Secretariat -
Installations and emissions under LCP Directive
Installations and emissions under the Large Combustion Plants Directive
Source: compiled by the Energy Community Secretariat
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Operational hours used from opt-out period
Amount of operational hours used from opt-out period
* Calculations for the expected expiry of the opt-out period are based on 2018 and 2019 average load factor.
Source: compiled by the Energy Community Secretariat -
